蘇聯第301步兵師

package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Navbar' not found脚本错误：没有“Check for unknown parameters”这个模块。 The 301st Rifle Division began service as a standard 苏联红军 rifle division shortly after the German invasion, but was soon largely destroyed in the 基輔戰役 (1941年), although enough of a cadre survived to form the basis of a second formation. This new division began forming in the last days of 1941, and saw some limited service in the Second Battle of Kharkov, but then had to fall back in the face of the German summer offensive, became encircled quite early on, and had to be disbanded in July. Nearly a year later a third 301st was raised, based on the personnel and equipment of two existing rifle brigades. This incarnation of the division compiled a creditable record of service in several major offensives through Ukraine, then into Poland and into the heart of 柏林戰役 in April, 1945, and also served briefly post-war in the 苏军驻德集群, headquartered in Berlin. 蘇聯第301步兵師是第二次世界大戰期間蘇聯在西線為對抗納粹德國而組建的步兵師。在德国進攻蘇聯后不久，蘇聯紅軍就組建了第301步兵师。但很快在基輔戰役 (1941年)中被消滅，虽然有足够的干部幸存下来，形成了第二个阵型的基础。这个新师于 1941 年最后几天开始组建，在第二次哈尔科夫战役中服役有限，但随后在面对德国夏季攻势时不得不退回，很早就被包围，不得不解散在七月。将近一年后，根据现有两个步枪旅的人员和装备，第三个 301 团被调动起来。该师的这个化身在穿越乌克兰、随后进入波兰和柏林市中心的几次重大攻势中创造了令人信服的服务记录，1945 年 4 月，并在战后短暂地在总部位于德国的苏军集团服役。柏林。

蘇聯第301步兵師是第二次世界大戰期間蘇聯在西線為對抗納粹德國而組建的步兵師。在德国進攻蘇聯后不久，蘇聯紅軍就組建了第301步兵师。但很快在基輔戰役中被消滅。1941年12月，蘇聯再度組建第301步兵師，並參與第二次哈爾科夫戰役。但随后在面对德国的夏季攻势时不得不后退，很早就被包围了，并不得不在7月被解散了。将近一年后，在现有的两个步兵旅的人员和装备基础上，第三个301师被组建起来。这支部队在穿越乌克兰、进入波兰和1945年4月进入柏林市中心的几次重大攻势中积累了值得信赖的战绩，战后还在总部位于柏林的驻德苏维埃部队集团中短暂服役。

1st Formation[编辑]

The division began forming on July 10, 1941 at 波尔塔瓦 in the 哈爾科夫 Military District.^[1] Its order of battle was as follows:

1050th Rifle Regiment
1052nd Rifle Regiment
1054th Rifle Regiment
823rd Artillery Regiment^[2]
356th Reconnaissance Battalion
592nd Sapper Battalion
757th Signal Battalion

Col. Aleksei Aleksandrovich Sokolov was assigned as commanding officer on the day the division began forming. Less than a month after this the 301st was assigned to 西南方面军, arriving after a relatively short march on August 2. Three days later it was assigned to 第38集团军 (苏联),^[3] but by September 1 it was shifted northwards to a position along the 第聂伯河 about 70km southeast of 基輔 in 第26集团军 (苏联).^[4] This reassignment proved the division's undoing as it was largely trapped when the German forces linked up far east of Kiev later in September. While the division was effectively destroyed as a fighting force during that month, it appears that at least a cadre escaped, including Col. Sokolov, who remained in command on the books until December 1. He was replaced on that date by Maj. Gen. Aleksandr Timofeevich Volchkov. The division was finally officially removed from the Soviet order of battle on December 27, and on the same date a new formation of the division began, also under Maj. Gen. Volchkov.^[5]

2nd Formation[编辑]

On December 27, as the old 301st was stricken off, a new division began forming up, initially numbered the 447th,^[6] this time at 克拉斯諾亞爾斯克 in the 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。. As well as the same commander, and probably some of the staff, it also had the same order of battle as the 1st formation. In spite of this it took three months to complete forming up, which would tend to indicate that this was largely a ground-up rebuilding.^[7] General Volchkov was replaced in command by Col. Pyotr Ivanovich Ivanov on February 19, 1942; Ivanov would remain in command through the remainder of the 2nd formation's existence.

The division left Siberia in late March, 1942, assigned once again to Southwestern Front on April 1. It spent most of April in 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。, and then was reassigned to 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。.^[8] On May 11, when a new offensive on Kharkov began, 21st Army was part of the "northern group" attacking towards the city. The 301st was not part of the Army's assault force; 1054th Rifle Regiment was assigned to hold the line east of 别尔哥罗德, while 1050th and 1052nd Regiments constituted the Army's reserve, and began moving towards the front from the region of Krasnaia Poliana on May 12. By the end of the day on May 14 the division had advanced to the Northern 北頓涅茨河 west of Maslova Pristen, nearly due south of Belgorod, but this was a narrow salient and the advance was halted here.^[9]

While it escaped the catastrophe that engulfed the "southern group" in the Kharkov offensive, the 301st still took significant casualties in its attacks, which left it too weak to survive in the face of the German 藍色方案. When the offensive began on June 28 the division was still in 21st Army, helping to defend a front west of Staryi and Novyi 奧斯科爾河, opposite the bulk of German 第6集团军 (德国国防军). An attack by that Army on June 30, aimed at the junction of 21st and 28th Armies, encircled the 301st and 227th Rifle Divisions, plus the 10th Tank Brigade.^[10] Some elements of the division escaped, along with the other remnants of 21st Army, but the division was ground down to the point it had to be disbanded again on July 13.^[11]

3rd Formation[编辑]

The final 301st Rifle Division began forming in late June, 1943, and completed on August 14, when Col. Vladimir Semyonovich Antonov was named as commanding officer; he would remain in this position for the duration of the war. The new division was based on the personnel of the 34th Rifle Brigade and the 157th Rifle Brigade.^[12]

34th Rifle Brigade[编辑]

The 3rd formation of this brigade started forming in late August, 1942, at 巴库 in the 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。 from students of the army and navy schools in and around the city. It was part of the emergency response to the Axis advance into the Caucasus in July, and in September the brigade went to the front in the 11th Guards Rifle Corps of 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。. In October, under the command of Col. A.V. Vorozhitsev, it was defending along the 捷列克河 against the 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。. Since enemy armor could be expected in quantity, the brigade was reinforced with heavy support, including:

2nd Battalion, 98th Guards Corps Artillery Regiment (脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。)
52nd Mortar Battalion (PM1938型迫击炮)
337th Antitank Battalion

The 34th remained under these commands when the Germans began to retreat after Stalingrad, and on January 24, 1943, it took part in the liberation of 阿爾馬維爾 (克拉斯諾達爾邊疆區). In February, 11th Guards Corps was briefly reassigned to 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。 in the 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。, but by March 1 both the Corps and the brigade were back in 9th Army. In April the 34th moved for the last time, to the 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。 in the same Army, where it began converting to the 301st Rifle Division in June.^[13]

157th Rifle Brigade[编辑]

The 2nd formation of this brigade began in September, 1942, in the 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。, formed from training units in the Transcaucasus. By October 1 it had been sent to 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。 of the Front's Northern Group of Forces. In November it became part of 9th Rifle Corps in the same Army, and remained in that Corps from that point on. After the front lines moved to the 庫班地區 near the end of the year 9th Corps was transferred to 9th Army of the North Caucasus Front in January, 1943. The 157th remained facing the German forces in the 塔曼半岛 over the coming months, then it began converting to the 301st Rifle Division in June.^[14]

Advance[编辑]

The division's order of battle mostly remained the same as the first two formations, but it inherited the 337th Antitank Battalion from the 34th Brigade. On August 20 the 301st was declared fit for service. It remained in the 9th Rifle Corps, where it was formed, for the duration of the war and on into the postwar period. 9th Corps was almost immediately reassigned to 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。, where it would serve for most of the rest of the war. 5th Shock was then in 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。 (later 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。), and the 301st served in that Front until February, 1944.^[15]

It arrived at the front during the 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。, advancing through the southernmost part of the Soviet-German front. On September 8 the division was recognized for its role in the liberation of Stalino, and was given its name as an honorific:

"STALINO"... 301st Rifle Division (Colonel Antonov, Vladimir Semyonovich)... The troops that participated in the liberation of the Donbass, during which they captured Stalino and other cities, by order of the Supreme High Command on September 8, 1943, are given congratulations, and in Moscow a salute was given with 20 artillery salvos of 224 guns."^[16]

In November the division was moved to 28th Army, then back to 5th Shock when that army was reassigned to 烏克蘭第3方面軍. In April, 1944 the 301st was in 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。 of the same front during the 第一次雅西-奇西瑙攻勢. On the 11th the division reached the 德涅斯特河 and, without bridging equipment, began forcing a crossing with improvised means:

"The 1050th Rifle Regiment from Col. V.S. Antonov's 301st Rifle Division began crossing the river shortly after noon, a platoon and company at a time on these fragile rafts and boats. Despite heavy German machine-gun fire, the regiment's 1st Battalion managed to cross the river just south of Bychok, captured the Germans' first trench line, and assaulted Hill 65.3, which was situated less than one mile [2km] southwest of Bychok. The regiment's 2nd Battalion and headquarters group also successfully crossed the river an hour later.^[17]

In the end, the several bridgeheads seized by 57th Army proved too small and shallow for major crossing operations, and the offensive on this sector came to a halt.

When the 第二次雅西-奇西瑙攻勢 began in late August, 9th Corps and the 301st were still in 57th Army, but before month's end would return to 5th Shock Army,^[18] where they remained until postwar. At the start of the offensive 9th Corps, reinforced by 96th Tank Brigade, was committed to the fighting on the second day, moving up to the area north of Lake Botno while covered by an 11km-wide smoke screen. On August 22, still under cover of smoke, 9th Corps joined the fighting on 57th Army's left flank, supported by tanks and by the SU-76 of the 1202 SU Regiment. This combined force crushed the enemy's resistance and by 0830 hrs. seized the strongpoints of Ursoiya and Kaushan station. By the close of the day the 301st had advanced up to 10-15km in the day's fighting and taken the village of 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。. The advance continued the next day and 9th Corps attained all its objectives, advancing so aggressively that it was outrunning the corps that had been in the first echelon.^[19]^[20]

The whole 5th Shock Army went into the 脚本错误：没有“ilh”这个模块。 in September, and the division's 337th Antitank Battalion had its towed guns replaced with self-propelled SU-76 guns. In November, 5th Shock joined 白俄罗斯第1方面军 for the duration, allowing the 301st to take part in the final defeat of Germany in Poland, East Pomerania, and in Berlin.^[21] On May 2, 1945, units of the 301st reported the capture of the ruins of the 德國總理府 (1871年—1945年) building, just as fighting in the city was drawing to an end, and Colonel Antonov was shown the burned bodies of 約瑟夫·戈培爾 and 玛格达·戈培尔.^[22] By this time the division had earned, in addition to its honorific Stalino, the 苏沃洛夫勋章 as well. (Russian: 301-я стрелковая Сталинская ордена Суворова дивизия).

Following the German surrender, when most Soviet formations were being demobilized, 5th Shock Army, including the 301st Rifle Division, was selected to be part of the 苏军驻德集群, with its headquarters in Berlin. The division was disbanded in October, 1946, with the army.脚本错误：没有“Footnotes”这个模块。

References[编辑]

Citations[编辑]

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脚本错误：没有“Redirect_Template_List”这个模块。 This article "蘇聯第301步兵師" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:蘇聯第301步兵師. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.

↑ According to Dunn, the District where the division formed is unknown, but in the Southwest area; Walter S. Dunn, Jr., Stalin's Keys to Victory, Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA, 2007, p. 77
↑ Charles C. Sharp, "Red Tide", Soviet Rifle Divisions Formed From June to December, 1941, Soviet Order of Battle World War II, Vol. IX, 1996, p. 68
↑ Dunn states the division's initial assignment was 26th Army; Dunn, Stalin's Keys, p. 77
↑ David Stahel, Kiev 1941, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2012, map on p. 220
↑ Sharp, "Red Tide", p. 68
↑ Dunn, Stalin's Keys, p. 99
↑ Sharp, "Red Tide", pp. 68-69
↑ Sharp, "Red Tide", p. 69
↑ David M. Glantz, Kharkov 1942, Ian Allan Publishing, Ltd., Hersham, UK, 1998/2010, pp. 64, 91, 94, 185, 246
↑ Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2009, pp. 111, 128, 134
↑ Sharp, "Red Tide", p. 69
↑ Sharp, "Red Swarm", Soviet Rifle Divisions Formed From 1942 to 1945, Soviet Order of Battle World War II, Vol. X, 1996, p. 112
↑ Sharp, "Red Volunteers", Soviet Militia Units, Rifle and Ski Brigades 1941 - 1945, Soviet Order of Battle World War II, Vol. XI, 1996, pp. 23-24
↑ Sharp, "Red Volunteers", p. 68
↑ Sharp, "Red Swarm", 1996, pp. 112-13
↑ 脚本错误：没有“citation/CS1”这个模块。
↑ Glantz, Red Storm over the Balkans, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2007, p. 127
↑ Combat Composition of the Soviet Army, 1944, pp. 230, 262
↑ Soviet General Staff, The Iasi-Kishinev Operation, ed. & trans. R.W. Harrison, Helion & Co., Ltd., Solihull, UK, 2017, pp. 54, 105, 114, 121, 127, 251
↑ Sharp, "Red Hammers", Soviet Self-Propelled and Lend Lease Armor 1941 - 1945, Soviet Order of Battle World War II, Vol. XII, 1998, p. 57-58
↑ Sharp, "Red Swarm", p. 113
↑ John Erickson, The Road to Berlin, George Weidenfeld and Nicolson, Ltd., London, UK, 1983, p. 618. Erickson gives the number of the reporting regiment as the 150th, under command of Lt. Col. Gumerov. This number is probably in error for the 1050th.

This article "蘇聯第301步兵師" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:蘇聯第301步兵師. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.

Bibliography[编辑]

脚本错误：没有“citation/CS1”这个模块。
脚本错误：没有“citation/CS1”这个模块。 p. 252

External links[编辑]

Aleksandr Timofeevich Volchkov

Template:Soviet Union divisions before 1945